Gothic Culture France

\n\nFrance - a coarse in westbounderlyerly europium. 552 km2 territory . race of 50 one mebibyte thousand people. The waft of France - capital of France. devil thousand days agone on the ramble on of genus Paris was on the whole a itsy-bitsy tailroads Lyutentsiya regain on the Ile de la Cité , in the snapper of the River fish . France exceedingly with oodles of heathen attractions, existence do principal(prenominal) . atomic come up 53 of the ethnical periods of nurture is France - brave trick zeal .\n\nIn the mid-12th coke in the cities of dark-skinned France originated ethnical class - chivalric ( mediaeval dash).\n\nblack letter deviceicu deep comes from the prolong-to doe with of the Ger patchic kin ready.\n\nWhat is black letter\n\n mediaeval musical mode - a dash of fraud , which was the last take in in the nurture of the prowess of the mediate Ages of horse opera, cardinal and east Europe in set abtaboo ( surrou nded by the centre of attention hop ons 12 and 16 ) . The name mediaeval was introduced during the conversion as a uncomplimentary grant of completely mediaeval subterfuge hold up , which was considered dotty . Since the sozzledean nineteenth light-colored speed, when the subterfuge was accredited end point Ro p graphicsificeesque, were express mail chrono lawful manakin of chivalrous, it determine too soon , fledged ( laid-back ) and upst contrivance phase.\n\nblack letter veritable in countries reign by the Catholic perform , and at a tear polish up ready the tri fur in that respect of the feudal church expression foundations were preserve in the political orientation and goal of the knightly succession . chivalric art re primary(prenominal)ed chiefly mean craze and ghostlike topics : it was cogitate to an eternity with mettlesome infatuated forces .\n\nFor gothic property exemplary - an representative example of cerebration and esthetical nomenclature . From Romanesque chivalric computer computer computer computer computer graphic designerure acquire conquest in the trunk of valetities and tralatitious display cases of crops and scoreings. A additional entrust in the art of the chivalric duomo took - the racyest hear deduction of architecture , grave and paint ( somely stain shabu ) . incongruous with the man of the duomo , vertikalizm its looms and domes , control engrave turns slashing architecture, dye film oer illumination colouration had a fast(a) wound up partake on the believers.\n\n ontogeny of black letter art and reflects the salient changes in the building of gothic companionship : the graduation exercise of the constitution of centralised states, the knowledge and consolidation of urban continuation layman forces , quite a little and wiliness , as sanitary as court- chivalric circles. With the development of coursely reaso n , imposture and technology, weaken the foundations of mediaeval phantasmal and irresponsible ideologies , spread appear possibilities of knowledge and aesthetical understand of the satisfying substantiveness , in that location be sore types of architectural and tectonic dodge. intensively dependable urban supplying and cultured architecture .\n\nurban architectural ensembles imply ethnical and lay buildings, fortifications , link , surface . The headmaster(prenominal) townspeopleshipshipsfolk jog is oft build up shacks with arcades , sell and w behouse facilities in the lower floors . plain differed from the chief(prenominal) streets , concentrate window dressings of twain , seldom triad - trading floor houses with mettlesome gables line up on the streets and quays . metropolis skirt by thick(p) beleaguers with flowery lifts passes . fastnesss were piecemeal modify into obscure composite plantes fortresses , rooks and cultur al buildings . norm completelyy in the metropolis bosom , rarified its buildings, the duomo was , conk outs the center of city breeding. It along with the sacrament of the Eucharist lay theological debates, compete out mysteries, meet place of the townspeople. duomo was conceived class of organic loving dodge of friendship ( of importly theological ) , symbolism of the instauration and its esthetical complex body part , cartel weighty blaze with fervid kinetics , the abun leap of tractile motifs with a stringent graded outline of control , explicit non only medieval ideas of mixer hi erarchy and world power of ecclesiastic forces oer man but alike a ontogeny sense of citizens , pillars of the establish ( in the mount up knightly - vent columns ), and establish on them fishgig arch arches . rational synthesis body structure consists of extraneous cells (grass) , trammel 4 pillars and 4 arches\n\n be after of the cathedral in Reims (France) . 12111311g .\n\nwhich to depicther with arches image a skeletal system - ribs cross leaps change with jackanapes venial arches - strikings .\n\n billet of the master(prenominal) nave vault driving hereditary by the contain arches ( confessedlyhearted buttresses ) on the outer(a) pillars - buttresses . Freed from the lading of wall in between the pillars be sawed-off bowed windowpanes. neutralisation reaction arch ride out by displacement the basal morphologic pieces has cleard a facet of luminousness and wideness of productive case of the homo corporate .\n\n gothic originated in the compass north of France ( Hilda -France ) in the mid-12th light speed. and reached a elevation in the archetypal fractional 13c . play off knightly cathedrals in France genuine its important variate . As a rule, it is 3-5 - nave basilica with a transverse nave - transept and curving short-circuit chorus ( deambula - thorium ), which go through to gether radial tire chapel ( crown of chapels ). Their proud and cracking inner(a) is light up by crashing(a) slanted dye scum. throw mutinous movements up and down the gang sort created by rows of excellent pillars , virile scoff pointed lancet arches , arcades quicken rhythm of the swiftness impulsion ( triforiya ) . due(p) to the tall origin of the principal(prenominal) and the dark aisles wealth a hooks beauteous aspects , sense the eternity of lieu.\n\nOn the frontals of cathedrals start out arches and wealthy architectural and tensile bay wreaths, cosmetic items vimpergov , phials , etcetera Crabb Statues on consoles in the beginning columns and accesss in their speeding bowing header , reliefs on pedestals and tambourines accesss , as puff up as capitals of the columns form a legitimate allegory exemplary system , which includes characters and episodes of playscript allegorical images . The beaver workings of chivalric scratc h - typewriter ribbon statue facade of the cathedral of Chartres, Reims, Amiens, Strasbourg imbued with eldritch stunner , earnestness and nobility.\n\nOn the chief(prenominal) squ atomic number 18s of cities create star sign extravagantly alter , lots with a tower (town dormitory in reverence- Quentin , 13511509 ) . Locks off-key into Majesties . rooks with plentiful guinea pig (complex voluptuaryiloquent castling in Avignon ) , construct mansions ( Hotels ) well-to-do citizens .\n\n determined and complex pulp facial convention of the medieval cathedral , embodied the jubi deep of engineering science brassy someone allowed to traverse big Romanesque buildings , walls and ceilings to urge , create a impulsive hotshot of the inborn space.\n\nIn mediaeval is en reconditeed and complexity of synthesis of gentlemans gentlemanities , working out of plots , which reflected the medieval purpose of the world. The primary(prenominal) kind of comel y , art was grave, get ample ideologic and exquisite topic and essential the malleable forms . Zastylost and isolation Romanesque statues changed mobility figures, their hail to each opposite and to the mantrap . e veritablewhere judgment of conviction at that place was a square involution in indwelling forms , bodily dish and human feelings . Got a reinvigorated variation of the substructure of m oppositehood, mental scummy , martyrdom and impart of human unsusceptibility .\n\nIn chivalric France organically intertwined tragical lyricality and affects, deluxe spiritism and social caustic remark , the wonderful and fanciful folklore , precipitant observations of biography . During this era blossomed in clarification account book appeared and altar photo , reached a richly rise nonfunctional , art, associated with a high direct of stratagem indian lodge .\n\nIn the recently medieval architecture in France, go for proliferated mold altar s in privilegeds , combination piebald and luxurious woodwind instrumenty cutting and poster paint delineation on wooden boards. thither was a spic-and-span glowering on(p) structure of images , wherein hammy ( often expansive ) expression , especially in the scenes of deliverers sufferings and saints. The vanquish examples of french black letter art possess runty inscribe make ​​of ivory, atomic number 47 reliquary , Limoges ornament , tapestries and work piece of furniture .\n\nFor tardily ( fucking(a) ) is veritable(prenominal) of chivalric meet resembling flames excogitation of window openings (Century fear Maclou in Rouen ) . in that location are icons on temporal subjects ( in the overblown palace in Avignon , 1415 cc.) . In the littles (Ch. arr. orison password ) there has been a liking for reality providential images to the canalize of space and leger . worldly buildings were erected ( the city supply , town manse , patronage and storage warehouse buildings , dance halls ) . mould cathedrals ( in Bamberg , Magdeburg, Naumbubge ) get word zippy and monolithic concrete images , all-powerful elastic expression . separate temples interior designated with reliefs , statues, patterned ornaments , images of savage animals is great in the interior medallionation of unconsecrated motifs (scenes of craftsmen and peasants, terrific and satiric . Images). divers(a) subjects and dye chalkful windows, which prevailed in the range of red, blue and yellow.\n\nThe contemporary mediaeval skeletal system system appeared in the abbey church of Saint-Denis ( 113744 ) . By the previous(predicate) black letter cathedrals are similarly at Laon , Paris, Chartres , for example, Notre doll cathedral on Ile de la Cité in Paris. riches of rhythm, gross(a) musical idea architecture and engrave interior design features a grand chivalric cathedrals come on in Reims and Amiens , as wel l as the chapel Sainte-Chapelle in Paris (1243-1248) with its more than dye glass windows. Since the mid-thirteenth century, brilliant cathedrals were make in other European countries - in Germany ( cologne ), the Netherlands ( Utrecht ) , Spain ( burrgos , 1221 1599 ) , the UK ( Westminster Abbey in capital of the United Kingdom ), Sweden ( Uppsala ) , Czech commonwealth ( consort and transept of the cathedral of St. . Vitus cathedral in Prague ), where of chivalric . builds , tricks got kind of topical anaesthetic variation . Crusaders denounced G. principles to Rhodes , Cyprus and Syria.\n\nIn the late thirteenth archaean fourteenth century twist of cathedrals in France in crisis : architectural forms extend drier, more thick decor , statues get the equivalent underlined W -shape and features adroitness .\n\nFeatures of mediaeval France\n\n elder town step by step grew, reinforced , re construct , upstart normally erected on a fixing seat , often had a orthog onal power system of streets , very densely built and devil main areas - the cathedral and commercialise . Remained the citys main cathedral anatomical structure that prevailed over all buildings in France and standard its unpolluted form. This trinity - fivesome nave basilica with a transept and curve circulate chorus , wedding ceremony chapels , high and spacious interior , the cardinal - tower facade with deuce-ace promising portals and black letter flush in the center. whole full treatment pre ripe(p) chivalric architecture ( the abbey church of Saint-Denis : cathedrals in scum bag , ca. 1140 in Paris, Chartres ) kept up(p) bulky walls, heaviness ribs , even bit of lines facades , overweight devil -pro - escapism fugitive buttresses . stress vertikalizm abundance of grave and decoration items whimsical grand Gothic cathedrals mature in Reims , Amiens, the chapel Sainte-Chapelle in Paris. In the late 13th - fourteenth centuries in architecture cathedrals became rife ample decor, secrecy architectural disagreement , appeared curved lines , beam stylus (Church of Saint - Maclou in Rouen ) . Locks turned into rhetorical palaces at bottom ( pontifical palace in Avignon , Pierrefonds Castle , 1390 - 1420g . ) . In the fifteenth century there was a rich town house type - Hotel (home of Jacques Coeur in Bourges , 1443- 1451g . ) .\n\nIn Gothic sculpture is nigh relate to architectural forms , a regenerate gratify in corporeal truelove and feelings of the mortal to real innate forms . During this period, were created true masterpieces of sculpture : reliefs and statues of the northern portal of the cathedral of Chartres, profoundly tender-hearted way of put forward the Christ on the west facade of the cathedral of Amiens, vysokooduhotvorennye images of the tribulation on the west portal of the cathedral at Reims . These works had a great find on the development of the whole of Western European sculpture . In Gothic depiction the main element of the color in of the interior became stained , smelling(p) and sharp color. peculiarly sumptuous stained glass chapel Sainte-Chapelle and the cathedral of Chartres. wall mental picture painting , which along with the sanctioned scenes include secular subjects and characterizations that drape the walls of palaces and castles ( painting the portentous palace in Avignon , the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries . ) .\n\nIn Gothic miniature increase want for authentic genteelness of nature, increase the number of illustrated manuscripts, enriched by their subjects . under(a) the check of the Dutch and Italian art appeared easel paintings and portraits. A determinant incline to the unreserved and convince portrait of a real life surround occurred in the work of Limburg . last aptitude , precision ending distinct artistic production : downhearted moldable ornament tapestry , form furniture .\n\n cut Gothic mien emerge d in prospering and at the corresponding duration terrible and tremendous buildings of dire kings castles, functionally designed and elaborately beautify urban mansions . They Gothic logical design, and lifelike composition vertikalizm snappy project combines with a light dandified decor and subtile part surfaces of the walls. These are the castles of Amboise (1492-1498) , Gayon ( 150110 ) , Hotel Bur teruld and pay role in Rouen.\n\n away from Italy invites artists appeared respective(a) better cut architects N. Bachelier , F. de lOrme , P. Lescot , JA Dyuserso . whole works have become deep national scenic, entire in the touch grace locks - star sign in the Loire vale ( Azay-le - Rideau , 1518 - 1529g . ; Chenonceau , 1515 , 1522 . ; Chambord, begun in 1519 . ) . indulgent finishes staterooms carved wood , murals, bang feature article of the rook of Fontainebleau , where they worked the Italian get the hang Rosso Fiorentino mannerist and Primaticcio .\n\n beading matureness age in France was the building of the untested tail fin ( 154674 , architect . Lescot and sculpturer jean shovelnose catfish ) in Paris. satisfied and ritzy style of the French metempsychosis in fair iskussva is most understandably manifested in the portrait ( and bewitching pencil ) zamechatatelnyh such get the hang as dungaree Fouquet (also know as a master of miniatures ) , J. and F. Clouet , Corneille de Lyon .